Opis
System do długoterminowego, bezobsługowego monitoringu fluorescencji chlorofilu.
The monitor chlorophyll fluorometer system is designed to dramatically increase the capabilities of plant monitor systems while also providing more affordable solutions for measuring larger plant populations.
The revolutionary daylight dark adaptation capability allows measurement of photoprotective mechanisms, state transitions, chloroplast migration, and photoinhibition at different times of day.
Features
- From 1 to 32 measuring heads are available for each controller, allowing the longer term measurement of larger plant populations and more affordable configurations.
- Daylight dark adapting measurement of fast reacting qE or energy-dependent exciton quenching; qM or chloroplast migration; qT or state transitions; and qI or photoinhibition, at different times of day, and over long periods of time.
- Measures plant photoprotective mechanisms with pNPQ and qPd from the Ruban / Murchie protocol (2012)
- 10,000 μmol square topped saturation flash or FM’ correction option according to Loriaux 2013 for more reliable light adapted results.
- Different versions are available for a range of applications. Heads can be purchased with either blue modulated, actinic, and saturating light, or red modulated, actinic, and saturating light.
- Different measuring heads can be combined in the same system. Some can use red light, some blue light and some can be provided with daylight dark adaptation accessories.
- Option for far-red light to measure FO’, and Kramer’s fast quenching parameters: NPQ(T), qE(T), & qI(T)
- Stores up to 1 Gb of data or at least one year’s worth of data.
- Solar power, 12 volt battery power or mains power
- Communications: Cellular, WiFi, Radio point to point, USB, or Satellite
Light adapted
Y(II):
Quantum Yield of PSII (or ΔF/FM’ or Y(II))
ETR:
Electron transport rate
PAR:
Photosynthetically Active Radiation value
T:
Leaf temperature
FMS (or FM’):
Maximal fluorescence with actinic illumination using a saturation pulse
F:
Fluorescence under actinic light (prior to saturation pulse)
Loriaux 2013 correction of ETR, and FM’ correction option included for Y(II).
Dark adapted
FV/FM:
Maximum Photochemical efficiency of PSII
FV/FO:
A more sensitive detector of stress than FV/FM, but it does not measure plant efficiency.
FO:
Minimum fluorescence
FM:
Maximal fluorescence
FV:
Variable fluorescence
FO’:
Minimum fluorescence after exposure to far red light- available with the dark adaptation module
FO’ Estimated without the daylight dark adaptation module
With Red light measuring head only – Kramer (2016) fast quenching parameters NPQ(T), qE(T) & qI(T)
Quenching
Hendrickson Quenching with NPQ (standard)
Y(NPQ), Y(NO), Y(II), NPQ, FV/FM
Kramer Quenching (standard)
qL, Y(NPQ), Y(NO), Y(II), FV/FM
Puddle model parameters (standard)
NPQ, qN , qP , Y(II), FV/FM
Requires the dark adaptation module option
Quenching relaxation protocol (option)
qE , qM , qT , qZ, & qI. Ruban / Murchie protocol pNPQ & qPd
Rapid Light Curves (option)
rETRMAX:
(Eilers and Peeters) a measure of a leaf’s photosynthetic capacity or maximum electron transport rate.
α is the initial slope of line at low PAR values created by relating ETR to PAR. It provides a measure of quantum efficiency
Ik is the measurement of the actinic light intensity where light saturation dominates, or the minimum saturation level.
Im is the Eilers & Peeters calculated optimal actinic light intensity related to ETRMAX
Light Sources
Saturation pulse
Blue LED with:
7,000 μmols m2/s with FM’ correction option
10,000 μmols m2/s with square topped flash
Option for Red LED saturation flash
7,000 μmols m2/s with FM’ correction option
10,000 μmols m2/s with square topped flash
Modulated light
Blue 455nm – half band width 18nm
Option for red LED 640nm half band width 18 nm.
Actinic light source:
Blue – Up to 5,000 μmols
When the optional red light is used, the actinic light intensity can be up to 5,000 μmols
Far-red light source:
an option included with the day-light dark adaptation option. It is used to measure FO’, or for pre-illumination of samples in the dark adapted mode.
Misc
Detection method:
Pulse modulation method.
Detector & Filters:
A PIN photodiode with a 700 – 750 nm bandpass filter.
Sampling Rate:
Auto-switching from 1 to 10,000 points per sec., depending on test & phase of test.
FM’ correction according to Loriaux 2013, for all light adapted modes . It may be turned on or off. Used during daylight hours.
Test Duration:
Designed to measure samples 24 hours per day, 7 days a week, for months at a time. Runs on solar power, battery power, or mains current.
Storage Capacity:
2 Gb. of non-volatile flash memory, supporting almost unlimited data sets and traces. More than 500,000 data sets.
Special Algorithms:
8 point rolling 25 ms average to determine FM, FM’, FO, & FS eliminates saturation pulse NPQ & any electronic noise as an issue.
Output:
Comma delineated files may be opened in Excel. Data maybe retrieved by WiFi, cell phone, SD data card, Radio point-to-point, Ethernet, satellite phone, or USB stick. Some methods are optional, and require higher pricing.
User Interface:
Display:
Graphic black and white touch screen interface
Menu driven.
Control box may be locked and pole mounted.
Power Supply:
Various external 12 volt batteries are available upon request.
Solar power and mains power can be used.
Operating temperature:
-10oC to 50oC
